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Campbell Island (Motu Ihupuku) is an uninhabited subantarctic island of New Zealand, and the main island of the Campbell Island group. It covers of the group's , and is surrounded by numerous stacks, rocks and islets like Dent Island, Folly Island (or Folly Islands), Isle de Jeanette-Marie, and Jacquemart Island, the latter being the southernmost extremity of New Zealand. The island is mountainous, rising to over in the south. A long fjord, Perseverance Harbour, nearly bisects it, opening out to sea on the east coast. Campbell Island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. ==History== Campbell Island was discovered in 1810 by Captain Frederick Hasselborough of the sealing brig ''Perseverance'', which was owned by shipowner Robert Campbell's Sydney-based company Campbell & Co. (whence the island's name).〔(The Antarctic Dictionary )〕 Captain Hasselborough was drowned on 4 November 1810 in Perseverance Harbour. The island became a seal hunting base, and the seal population was almost totally eradicated. The first sealing boom was over by the mid-1810s. The second was a brief revival in the 1820s. The whaling boom extended here in the 1830s and ’40s. In 1874, the island was visited by a French scientific expedition intending to view the transit of Venus. Much of the island’s topography is named after aspects of, or people connected with, the expedition. In the late 19th century, the island became a pastoral lease. Sheep farming was undertaken from 1896 until the lease, along with the sheep and a small herd of cattle, was abandoned in 1931 because of the Great Depression.〔Ian S. Kerr, Campbell Island, a History, Wellington: A.H. & A.W. Reed,1976.〕 In 1907, a group of scientists spent eight days on the island group surveying. The 1907 Sub-Antarctic Islands Scientific Expedition conducted a magnetic survey and also took botanical, zoological and geological specimens. During World War II, a coastwatching station was operative at Tucker Cove at the north shore of Perseverance Harbour as part of the Cape Expedition program. After the war, the facilities were used as a meteorological station until 1958, when a new one was established at Beeman Cove, a few hundred metres further east. In April 1992, a group of meteorological staff from New Zealand were swimming when one of them was attacked and partly eaten by a great white shark. Jacinda Amey, one of the workers, swam back to rescue him while the shark was still in the area. She towed him to the shore where first aid was applied. He was rescued by a helicopter from Taupo which was guided by a twin-engine plane with satellite navigation, which was (and still is) the longest ever single-engine helicopter rescue in the world. The victim survived and Amey was awarded the New Zealand Cross, New Zealand’s highest bravery medal for civilians. The station was manned permanently until 1995 when a fully automatic station was established. Today, human presence is limited to periodic visits by research and conservation expeditions. An amateur radio DXpedition organised by the (Hellenic Amateur Radio Association of Australia ) visited Campbell Island during November–December 2012. The team consisted of ten amateur radio operators from around the world, a NZ Department of Conservation Officer and the ship's crew of six including the captain on the sailing vessel "(Evohe )". The (ZL9HR DXpedition ) team made 42,922 on air contacts during an eight-day operating period. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Campbell Island, New Zealand」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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